摘 要

　　Linux 在服務(wù)器、嵌入式系統、移動(dòng)終端系統等許多領(lǐng)域都得到了廣泛的應用，但是在桌面計算機領(lǐng)域，卻由于 Windows 壟斷等客觀(guān)原因始終難以普及。

　　對桌面計算機用戶(hù)來(lái)說(shuō)，Linux 的一個(gè)嚴重不足就是硬件驅動(dòng)支持太少，驅動(dòng)的安裝使用不方便。現有 Linux 操作系統中的硬件檢測與驅動(dòng)適配工具功能單一、界面簡(jiǎn)陋，無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足普通用戶(hù)要求。

　　開(kāi)源社區 Linux 發(fā)行版自帶的硬件驅動(dòng)管理工具 Driver Manage，僅支持nvidia 和 ATI 的閉源顯卡驅動(dòng)安裝，目前為止還沒(méi)有一款 Linux 發(fā)行版擁有真正意義的自動(dòng)化驅動(dòng)適配工具。本課題主要工作包括：針對 Linux 操作系統相關(guān)課題實(shí)施現狀和應用熱點(diǎn)，調研 Linux 下硬件檢測機制、外設熱插拔原理，設計適應本工具需要的硬件檢測方法；對比調研 Windows 下硬件驅動(dòng)管理工具的操作方式；深入研究 Linux 下驅動(dòng)適配策略，設計硬件與驅動(dòng)適配方案；最后在充分研究分析的基礎上對硬件檢測與驅動(dòng)適配系統進(jìn)行實(shí)現，功能包括本機/外設驅動(dòng)檢測、驅動(dòng)安裝、驅動(dòng)更新、驅動(dòng)備份、驅動(dòng)還原和驅動(dòng)卸載，力求為 Linux終端用戶(hù)解決設備驅動(dòng)安裝困難、升級困難、管理困難等實(shí)際問(wèn)題。

　　本課題實(shí)現的硬件檢測與驅動(dòng)適配系統替代原有的硬件驅動(dòng)管理工具Driver Manage、填補了 Linux 下驅動(dòng)這一塊的短板，同時(shí)，在兼顧用戶(hù)舊有的Windows 操作習慣的基礎上達到良好的用戶(hù)體檢，促進(jìn)了 Linux 桌面計算機操作系統的普及與推廣。

　　關(guān)鍵詞：Linux，硬件檢測，驅動(dòng)，驅動(dòng)適配

Abstract

　　Linux has been widely used in many fields, such as server, embedded system, mobile terminal system and so on. However, in the field of desktop computer, it is still difficult to popularize because of the objective reasons such as the monopoly of Windows. For the desktop computer users, a serious shortage of Linux is the hardware driver support is too little, installation and usage of the drivers is not convenient. The existing tools of hardware detection and driver adaptation in Linux operating system have too little functions, and the inerfaces are not friendly, which can not meet the requirements of users.

　　The open source community Linux distribution comes with the hardware driver management tool Driver Manage, closed source graphics only NVIDIA and ATI support the driver installation, there is no automatic which Linux distributions have real meaning of driving adaptation tools. The main work of this paper includes: Based on Linux operating system related project implementation status and application of hot research, Linux hardware detection mechanism, hot swappable peripherals principle, hardware design to adapt to the detecting method of the tool needs; contrast research Windows hardware driver management tool mode of operation; the in-depth study of Linux driver adaptation strategy, hardware design and driving adaptation scheme; finally based on the analysis on the basis of the adaptation and drive system to realize the function of hardware detection, including machine / peripheral driver detection, driver installation, driver updates, drive backup, restore and drive DriverUnload, strive for the user to solve the Linux terminal device driver installation is difficult, difficult to upgrade and management the difficulties.

　　This thesis realized the hardware detection and drive adapter system to replace the original hardware driver management tool Driver Manage, the Linux driver to fill the short board, this one at the same time, the foundation of the old Windows operating habits of users on the user to achieve good examination, promote the popularization and promotion of Linux desktop computer operating system.

　　Key Words: Linux, hardware detection, driver, driver adaptation

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